The Physiology of the Skin

The skin, the largest organ of the human body, has a surface area between 1.5 and 2.0 square metres. It accounts for 16 % of total body weight. Considered one of the most important organs of the body, the skin protects from harmful substances, insulates and regulates temperatures. 

The Hydrolipid Film

Its main function is as a defence against bacteria and fungi. Consisting of an emulsion of water and fat, it keeps the skin surface supple.
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The Epidermal Lipids

Along with the horny cells, the epidermal lipids are essential to the barrier function of the skin. They form the “mortar”, or horny layer cell cement, between the “bricks” – the horny cells.
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The Protective Acid Mantle

Studies show the importance of an acid pH (i) for formation of the skin’s own fats (i) (lipids).
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The Skin's Immune System

The body's own defence against microorganisms begins directly at the skin’s surface. Fatty acids inhibit the growth of fungi and bacteria.
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Natural Moisturizing Factors (NMF) and Surface Lipids

Water is the most important substance for the suppleness of skin. The water content of the upper horny layer is between 10 and 20 percent in young skin.
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Regeneration and Repair Mechanisms

The skin has various regeneration and repair mechanisms to eliminate any damage caused by external influences.
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Protective Functions at a Glance

The skin protects the body from mechanical, chemical, microbial and physical influences.
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Cell Energy

The cells of the skin need energy to maintain their vital functions and their ability to regenerate and repair themselves as well as to grow.
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